Fosthiazate

Fosthiazate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Fosthiazate exhibits significant nematicidal activity and systemic insecticidal activity. Fosthiazate is applicable to studies on plant-parasitic nematodes, root-knot diseases, agricultural pests, as well as the ecotoxicology and environmental behavior of organophosphorus compounds^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Fosthiazate (both (+) and (-) isomers) exhibits weak inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase in the head of house flies, with an IC₅₀ > 10^-3 M^[1].
The degradation half-life of fosthiazate (5 μg/g soil; 20 °C; up to 60 days) is 17.7-46.8 days in non-sterilized soil, while it is 28.4-87.7 days in sterilized soil, indicating that its degradation in soil involves both chemical and microbial processes^[2].
Fosthiazate (2-25 μg/mL; 24 h) shows weak adsorption to San Emigdio sandy loam, Arlington sandy loam, and Waukegan silty clay loam, with its linear adsorption coefficient (K_d) ranging from 0.10 to 0.89^[2]. In Vivo: Fosthiazate (2-20 mg/kg soil; 14 or 28 days) dose-dependently increases the levels of ROS and MDA in Eisenia fetida, reduces the activities of SOD and CAT, and elevates 8-OHdG, a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage^[3].
Fosthiazate (2-20 mg/kg soil; 14 or 28 days) reduces AChE activity in Eisenia fetida in a dose-dependent manner and alters the expression of AChE-related genes^[3].
Fosthiazate (7.9-31.6 mg/pot; applied to the root zone; 48 h after nematode inoculation) reduces the numbers of root galls, egg masses and nematode eggs in chili peppers infected by M. enterolobii, with the maximum reduction rates of 58.6%, 64.7% and 83.7% respectively observed in Trial 1^[4]
Fosthiazate (3 kg a.i./ha; 2 applications; at transplanting and 3 months later) reduces root galls and egg counts by 39.8% and 80.1%, respectively, in the 'Super Hot' pepper cultivar, and by 59.6% and 67.5%, respectively, in the 'Amphawa Hot Pepper' cultivar, in natural root-knot nematode-infested pepper fields in Ubon Ratchathani^[4].