Anandamide

Anandamide is an endocannabinoid. Anandamide modulates both neuronal and immune functions through two protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Anandamide can activate numerous other receptors like PPARS, TRPV1, and GPR18/GPR55. Anandamide also has potential anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Anandamide can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ulcerative colitis^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro: Anandamide (0-250 μg/ml, 1 h) inhibits C. albicans hyphal growth and prevents hyphal adherence to epithelial cells^[4].
Anandamide (0-250 μg/ml, 2 h) alters the expression of genes involved in adhesion and hyphal morphogenesis^[4].
Anandamide reduces tau phosphorylation through the inhibition of the activity of protein kinases^[3]. In Vivo: Anandamide (10 mg/kg, IP, once) considerably lowers the increase of glycemia in response to glucose ingestion compared with control, and this is associated with an improvement of glucose tolerance^[2].
Anandamide (100 ng, ICV bilateral injection, single) partially prevents streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cognitive impairments, changes in synaptic markers and ventricle enlargement^[3].
Anandamide exerts anti-inflammatory activities, attenuating the development of inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis^[4].
Anandamide alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rat primary microglial cultures^[1].