Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride)

Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride exerts bactericidal effects primarily by inhibiting topoisomerase II and IV. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride inhibits the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells and chondrocytes from young rats, and also activates the Akt signaling pathway and upregulates markers such as β-catenin and Nanog to maintain the morphological characteristics of stem cells. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces significant neurotoxicity and tissue damage, including reducing serotonin and glutathione levels in the brain, inducing oxidative stress and depression-like behaviors, and causing articular cartilage damage. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride can be applied to research related to infections of necrotic young permanent teeth and neurotoxicity^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Ciprofloxacin (2.5-10 μg/mL; 24-72 h) preserves the stem cell-like spindle morphology of immortalized human dermal papilla cells, and concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL for 72 h significantly increase cell aggregation size and number^[1].
Ciprofloxacin (10 μg/mL; 72 h) preserves CD133 stem cell marker expression and prevents increased procollagen type I fibroblast marker expression in immortalized human dermal papilla cells^[1].
Ciprofloxacin (10 μg/mL; 24-72 h) prevents time-dependent loss of CD133, integrin β1, and ALDH1A1 stem cell markers and increases in procollagen type I fibroblast marker in immortalized human dermal papilla cells; concentrations of 2.5-10 μg/mL for 72 h modulate these markers in a dose-dependent manner^[1].
Ciprofloxacin (2.5-10 μg/mL; 72 h) activates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in immortalized human dermal papilla cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, increasing activated Akt, inactivated GSK3β, and β-catenin levels^[1].
Ciprofloxacin (2.5-10 μg/mL; 72 h) activates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway and upregulates EMT transcription factors (ZEB1, Snail) in primary human dermal papilla cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner^[1].