Nilotinib (hydrochloride)

Nilotinib (AMN107) hydrochloride is an orally active Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity and can be used in studies of chronic myelogenous leukaemia^[1][2][3].
In Vitro: Nilotinib hydrochloride, selective Abl inhibitor, is designed to interact with the ATP-binding site of BCR-ABL with a higher affinity than imatinib while being significantly more potent compared with imatinib (IC₅₀<30 nM), also maintains activity against most of the BCR-ABL point mutants that confer Imatinib resistance^[1].
Nilotinib hydrochloride demonstrates significant antitumor efficacy against GIST xenograft lines and imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines which parent cell lines GK1C and GK3C shows imatinib sensitivity with IC₅₀ of 4.59±0.97 µM and 11.15±1.48 µM, respectively, imatinib-resistant cell lines GK1C-IR and GK3C-IR shows Imatinib resistance with IC₅₀ values of 11.74±0.17 µM (P<0.001) and 41.37±1.07 µM (P<0.001), respectively^[2].
In Vivo: Nilotinib hydrochloride (oral gavage, 40 mg/kg, daily, 4 weeks) shows equivalent or higher antitumor effects in BALB/cSLc-nu/nu mice with GIST xenograft^[2].
Nilotinib hydrochloride has a significant healing effect on the macroscopic and microscopic pathologic scores and ensures considerable mucosal healing in the indomethacin-induced enterocolitis rat model while decreases the PDGFR α and β levels and apoptotic scores in the colon^[3].