Laminaran

Laminaran is an β-1-3-glucan and a typical ligand for Dectin-1 from Eisenia Bicyclis, has potent immunomodulating, radioprotective, and anticancer activities^[1]. Laminaran is made up of β (1→3)-glucan with β (1→6)-branches and can be catalyzed by enzymes such as laminarinase (EC 3.2.1.6) that breaks the β (1→3) bonds^[2]. Laminaran is a promising immune stimulatory molecule for use in cancer immunotherapy^[3]. In Vitro: Laminaran (100-800 μg/mL; 24 hours) is not cytotoxic against normal epidermal cells JB6 Cl41 and human melanoma cells SK-MEL-28, the percentage of inhibition of living cells number is less than 15 % at concentrations range up to 800 μg/mL after 24 h of treatment^[1].
Laminaran (200 μg/mL; 24-72 hours)does not cause any growth inhibition of SK-MEL-28 cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment, but decreases cells proliferation by 36 % after 72 h of treatment^[1].
Laminaran (25-50 μg/mL; 24 hours) at low concentration does not influence the phosphorylation of c-Raf (Ser259), ERK1/2 (Tyr202/Tyr204), and MEK1/2 (Ser 221) kinases as well as total expression level of investigated proteins. But decreases p-MEK, p-ERK1/2 at 50 μg/mL^[1].
In Vivo: Laminaran (intravenous injection; 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg; 21 days) and OVA (50 μg) combination significanly decreases the tumor masses when it compares with the PBS-, OVA-, and laminarin-treated mice^[3].