Thyrotropin

Thyrotropin (TSH, Pretiron) is a thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid. Thyrotropin induces transcriptional regulation of TH-gatekeeper genes in tanycytes through the Tshr/Gαq/PKC pathway. Thyrotropin prevents Apoptosis. Thyrotropin has an association of low levels with increased bone remodeling, reduced bone mass and a high fracture risk in mice. Thyrotropin is promising for research of skeletal remodeling, hyperthyroidism^{[1][2][3][4][13]}. In Vitro:Thyrotropin (rhTSH, 0.1-10 nM, 2-3 weeks) enhances human T-cell development^[8].
Thyrotropin (bovine thyrotropin, 100 milliunits per mL, the first 24 to 48 h after trypsinization) develops follicle-like structures in dog, human, and bovine thyroid cells^[10].
Thyrotropin (1 nM) promotes proliferation of FRTL-5 cells^[11].
Thyrotropin regulates thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation^[12].
Thyrotropin (10 mU/mL, up to 72 h) prevents apoptosis by promoting cell adhesion and cell cycle progression in FRTL-5 cells^[13].
In Vivo:Thyrotropin (0.1-10 mIU/10 μL, ICV, 4 h after dawn) is involved in photoperiodic signaling and induces thyroid hormone-activating (DIO2) expression in a dose-dependent manner in mice^[5]。
Thyrotropin (i.p.) stimulates thyroid hormone into the circulation in wild-type and heterozygous mice^[6].
Thyrotropin (rhTSH, 0.1 μg/g, i.p.) more readily replaces endogenous TSH in mice than in rat thyroid TSH receptors^[7].
Thyrotropin (0.05 USP unit twice daily, i.p., 6 days) causes an increase in the weight of the thyroid but no increase in body weight in hereditary dwarf mice^[9].