Pulegone

Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone compound widely present in the essential oils of many plants. Pulegone can also be used as a bird repellent. Pulegone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-hyperalgesic effects. Pulegone is particularly effective against bacteria of the Salmonella species^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Pulegone (6.25-50 µg/mL; 20-26 h) can inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators by downregulating the iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways and upregulating Nrf-2/HO-1 in LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells^[1].
Pulegone (0.01-3 mM; 0-5 min) can increase the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in chicken sensory neurons^[2].
Pulegone (0.01-3 mM; 0-5 min) can activate TRPM8 and TRPA1 and inhibit TRPM8 at high concentrations (1 mM and above) in HEK293 cells expressing chicken TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPV1^[2]. In Vivo:Pulegone (100 mM; intraplantar injection; single dose) can induce pain-related behaviors in chicks, but these behaviors can be inhibited by a TRPA1 antagonist^[2].
Pulegone (10-150 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; single dose) has a beneficial effect in a rat model of inflammatory pain^[3].