Xestospongin C

Xestospongin C ((-)-Xestospongin C) is a selective, reversible inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor. Xestospongin C acts as an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase (SERCA) pump of internal stores. Xestospongin C blocks IP3-induced Ca²⁺ release from cerebellar microsomes with an IC₅₀ of 358 nM. Xestospongin C is a valuable tool for investigating the structure and function of IP3Rs and Ca²⁺ signaling in neuronal and nonneuronal cells^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: Xestospongin C (XeC; 10 μM; 1 h before Aβ) pretreatment before Aβ_1-42 (20 μM; 24 hours) application displays a significant decrease in the early apoptotic rate (9.87%) compared to the Aβ alone treated group (18.38%)^[1].
Xestospongin C (10 μM; 1 h before Aβ) and Aβ_1-42 (20 μM; 100 s) has significant main effects on the peak value and average values of Ca²⁺ changes, as well as a significant interaction in primary cultured hippocampal neurons^[1].
In Vivo: Xestospongin C (3 μM; intracerebroventrical injection by a pump for four weeks) ameliorates the disinhibition-like behavior and long term spatial memory deficits of 8-month-old male APP/PS1 mice of Alzheimer's disease^[1].