Clofibric acid

Clofibric acid (Chlorofibrinic acid) is an orally active PPARα agonist. Clofibric acid inhibits the fimbriation of Escherichia coli. Clofibric acid increases SOD activity. Clofibric acid lowers blood lipids and prevents experimental pyelonephritis. Clofibric acid has anticancer activity against ovarian cancer. Clofibric acid is also a herbicide. Clofibric acid is used in ovarian cancer, liver cancer, obesity, and urinary tract infection research^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}. IC50 & Target:PPARα^[1] In Vitro:Clofibric acid (0-500 μM; 72 h) inhibits the proliferation of OVCAR-3 and DISS cells dose-dependently^[1].
Clofibric acid (0.25-0.75 mM; 5 days) increases total SOD and MnSOD activities, as well as the enzyme apoprotein and MnSOD mRNA levels in HepG2 cells^[2].
Clofibric acid (10-1000 μM; 72 h after 24-h pre-incubation) increases peroxisomal β-oxidation, the relative number of peroxisomes and the mean size of peroxisomes in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes^[3].
Clofibric acid (0.1-5 mM) decreases the growth rate of uropathogenic E. coli T149 in urine^[5].
In Vivo:Clofibric acid (9000 ppm in diet; p.o.; daily; until the end of the study) significantly suppresses the growth of OVCAR-3 tumors xenotransplanted s.c. in nude mice and significantly prolongs the survival of mice with malignant ascites derived from DISS cells^[1].
Clofibric acid (200 mg/kg body weight; s.c.; daily; from 6-36 weeks of age) significantly lowers fasted serum cholesterol levels in obese Zucker rats, and has various effects on the weights and lipid/cholesterol levels of different organs^[4].
Clofibric acid (29 mg/kg bw; p.o.; daily) abolishes renal infection in mice with ascending urinary tract infection caused by E. coli and does not produce adverse effects on the renal parenchyma^[5].
Clofibric acid (100 mg/kg; i.p.; single) attenuates Carbon tetrachloride (HY-Y0298)-induced necrosis in rats^[6].