Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (hydrate)

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate, the active form of vitamin B6, is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the final stage in the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate is the most important coenzyme variant in the process of vitamin B6 intracellular phosphorylation and is interconvertible with other variants, including pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP)^[1][2]. In Vitro:Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (500 μM, 24 h) activates the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway, promotes the expression of IGFBP1 protein in HepG2 cells^[3].
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (0.5 mg/mL, 48h) inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3^[5].
In Vivo:Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (1 mg/kg, ip, single dose) alleviates Aβ25-35-induced spatial memory impairment and long-term memory impairment in mouse models^[4].
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (600 mg/kg/day, po for 16 weeks) inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced rats diabetes model^[6].