Maduramicin (ammonium)

Maduramicin (Maduramycin) ammonium is isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin ammonium is an oral active anticoccidial agent used in research related to Eimeria, Adenosarcina, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus disperitus infections. Maduramicin ammonium induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in chicken cardiomyocytes through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and also impairs autophagic flux and induces rhabdomyolysis by activating the AMPK-mediated eIF2α-ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway^[1][2][3][4]. IC50 & Target:IC50: bacterial; apoptosis^[1] In Vitro:Maduramicin ammonium (0.5-2 μM, 10 h) induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in C2C12 and L6 cells by activating the eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway^[4]. In Vivo:Maduramicin ammonium (3.5 and 7 mg/kg, oral administration, once daily for 7 days) induced rhabdomyolysis in ICR mice, leading to weight loss, elevated serum biochemical markers, and damage to the liver, kidney, myocardium, and skeletal muscle^[3].
Maduramicin ammonium (1.75–7 mg/kg, oral administration, once daily for 7 days) impaired autophagic flux by activating the AMPK-mediated eIF2α-ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in Wistar rats, thereby inducing skeletal muscle injury^[4].