Vitamin K1

Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. In Vitro: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) is a prenylated naphthoquinone that is synthesized exclusively by plants, green algae, and some species of cyanobacteria, where it serves as a vital electron carrier in photosystem I and as an electron acceptor for the formation of protein disulfide bonds. In humans and other vertebrates, phylloquinone plays the role of a vitamin (vitamin K1) that is required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. Phylloquinone from green leafy vegetables and vegetable oil represents the major dietary source of vitamin K for humans^[1]. Vitamin K1 treatment causes a significant antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis in Caco-2, HT-29, and SW480 cell lines, with the involvement of the MAPK pathway. A concomitant and significant decrease in the polyamine biosynthesis occurr^[2]. In Vivo: Subjects who increase their dietary intake of vitamin K during the follow-up had a 51% reduced risk of incident diabetes compared with subjects who decrease or does not change the amount of phylloquinone intake^[3]. Vitamin K supplementation reverses the high fat diet induced bone deterioration by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast activities and prevent bone loss in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice^[4]. Application of vitamin K1 to the skin has been used for suppression of pigmentation and resolution of bruising. The effects produced by the topical vitamin K1 shows significant healing when compared with control group in parameters such as wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content and tensile strength^[5].