Skimmianine

Skimmianine is an orally active furoquiniline alkaloid present mainly in the Rutaceae family. Skimmianine has analgesic, antispastic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Skimmianine inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC₅₀ = 8.6 μg/mL). Skimmianine exhibits cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines and genotoxicity. Skimmianine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Skimmianine exerts anti-inflammatory effects through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Skimmianine is neuroprotective by targeting the NF-κB activation pathway to prevent neuroinflammation. Skimmianine inhibits the release of histamine, intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling and protein kinase C signaling^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Skimmianine (Compound 1) (1 μg) has remarkable AChE inhibitory activity in alkaloidal extract of Z. nitidum^[4]. In Vivo:Skimmianine (20 mg/kg, p.o., single dose) results in addition reaction of oxygen in metabolites of male SD rats^[1].
Skimmianine (40 mg/kg, p.o., single dose) leads to a reduction in MDA levels and an increase in SOD and CAT activities in female Wistar albino rats^[2].
Skimmianine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) results in 82% edema inhibition with 5 mg/kg dose where 5 mg/kg is the minimal concentration for maximal edema inhibition in male Wistar rats^[3].
Skimmianine (5 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of PGE₂ compared to the Carrageenan (Carr) (HY-125474) and a non-significant decrease compared to the Diclofenac (Dic) (HY-15036) group of male Wistar rats^[3].