Riboflavin

Riboflavin, an orally active and easily absorbed micronutrient, is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which serve as coenzymes for numerous enzymatic reactions and perform key metabolic functions by mediating the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reaction^[1].
In Vitro: Riboflavin (5-50 µM, 24 h) has a strong cytotoxic effect on HL60 cells after UV irradiation that is mediated by apoptosis^[2].
Riboflavin (0.76-48.76 nM, 96 h) increases cell viability and glutathione reductase activity and reduces apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
In Vivo: Riboflavin (10 mg/kg, p.o., daily) promotes the growth of swiss albino mice^[4].
Riboflavin (1-600 mg/kg, p.o., one time) produces antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect in formalin, carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, and spinal nerve ligation rat models^[5].
Riboflavin (3-100 mg/kg, i.p., one time) inhibits the nociceptive response in a dose-dependent manner in mice model of acetic acid-induced constriction^[6].
Riboflavin (6-12 mg/kg, i.p., one time) decreases the second phase nociceptive response in mice model of formaldehyde-induced^[6].