Hyodeoxycholic acid

Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 31.6 µM in CHO cells. IC50 & Target:EC50: 31.6 µM (TGR5, in CHO cells)^[1] In Vitro: Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary hydrophilic bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as an agonist of TGR5, with an EC₅₀ of 31.6 μM in CHO cells^[1]. Hyodeoxycholic acid (50, 100 μM) increases the expression of genes (Abca1, Abcg1, and Apoe) involved in cholesterol efflux in RAW 264.7 cells^[2]. In Vivo: Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA; 1.25% (wt/wt)) obviously decreases fat mass and increases lean mass but does not raise the serum levels of any organ toxicity markers in LDLRKO mice. Hyodeoxycholic acid inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLRKO at multiple sites, improves plasma lipoprotein profiles, decreases plasma glucose level and intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency and increases daily cholesterol excretion through fecal output. Hyodeoxycholic acid also improves HDL function as measured by a cholesterol efflux assay^[2].