Clomazone

Clomazone is a broad spectrum herbicide, mainly used to control annual broadleaf weeds and grass weeds in various crops such as rice, soybeans, and peanuts. Clomazone inhibits carotenoid biosynthesis, and treated plants show typical "albinism" symptoms due to the destruction of chloroplast membrane structure leading to chlorophyll degradation. Clomazone exhibits multiple toxic effects on non-target organisms, including aquatic lethality, developmental malformations, liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hematotoxicity^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Clomazone (3.1-100 mg a.i./L) inhibits zebrafish embryonic development, and different formulation types significantly affected toxicity manifestations^[1].
. Clomazone (50-200 μM) disrupts energy metabolism by inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP synthase in rat liver mitochondria^[2].
Clomazone (0-10 mg/L) exhibits significant hematotoxicity to red-eared slider turtle juveniles by inducing erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and serum metabolic disorders^[3].