Sennoside A

Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside found in senna (Cassia angustifolia). Sennoside A is an HIV-1 inhibitor (IC₅₀=3.8 μM) that inhibits HIV-1 replication. Sennoside A also inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-related DNA polymerase (RDDP) and ribonuclease H (Ribonuclease H) with IC₅₀s of 1.9 μM and 5.3 μM, respectively^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Sennoside A inhibits different variants of RDDP and RNase H. Inhibits different variants of RDDP with IC50s of 78 μM (K103N RT), 21.3 μM (Y181C RT), and 64 μM (Y188L RT), respectively. Inhibits different variants of RNase H with IC50s of 18.4 μM (N474A RT) and 17.7 μM (Q475A RT), respectively^[3].
Infects Jurka cells with HIV-1 recombinant CAT virus, which is pseudotyped with the envelope glycoprotein from the HXBc2 laboratory-adapted T-tropic virus. Sennoside A (5-20 μM; 72 h) significantly inhibits CAT activity in infected cell^[3].
In Vivo: Sennoside A (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg; intragastric gavage for 12 weeks) alters the gut microbiome composition of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice and mediates anti-obesity effects^[3].
Sennoside A also reduces inflammation and increases tight junction proteins in the ileum of genetically defective mice^[3].