Notoginsenoside R1

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: Notoginsenoside R1 (2.5-80 μM; 24 h) inhibits the hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell death, intracellular ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in H9c2 cardiomyocytes^[1].
Notoginsenoside R1 (5-20 μM; 24 h) inhibits the H/R-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner^[1].
Notoginsenoside R1 (1-100 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently protects PC12 cells and primary neurons from Aβ-induced cell death and apoptosis^[2].
Notoginsenoside R1 (10 μM; 24 h) inhibits Aβ_25-35-induced ROS production, mitochondrial damage and MAPK activation in PC12 cells^[2]. In Vivo: Notoginsenoside R1 (5 mg/kg/h; infused via the right jugular vein) increases red blood cell velocity, reduces the number of adherent leukocytes and inhibits mast cell degranulation and cytokine elevation in rats^[3].