Ceftiofur

Ceftiofur is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor that targets bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and has anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxemia. Ceftiofur exerts bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Ceftiofur also inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Ceftiofur (1, 5, 10 mg/L; pretreatment for 1 h+LPS stimulation for 12 h) can significantly inhibit the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, but has no significant effect on the secretion of IL-10^[2].
Ceftiofur (1, 5, 10 mg/L; pretreatment for 1 h+LPS stimulation for 30 min) can significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW 264.7 cells^[2].
In Vivo:Ceftiofur (20 mg/kg; sc; single dose; 1 h before or 0/1 h after 30 mg/kg LPS challenge) significantly improves the survival rate of mice in the endotoxemia model of female C57BL/6 mice, and reduces the levels of plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increases the level of IL-10^[3].