Theophylline (sodium glycinate)

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline sodium glycinate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline sodium glycinate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline sodium glycinate induces apoptosis. Theophylline sodium glycinate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Theophylline sodium glycinate (1-1000 µM) inhibits cAMP hydrolysis by PDE in homogenates of bronchial tissue to relax human bronchus and pulmonary arteries^[1].
Theophylline sodium glycinate (10 µg/mL; 24 h) induces apoptosis through a reduction in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in eosinophils^[2].
Theophylline sodium glycinate (0-500 µM; 2 h) inhibits NF-κB activation, I kappa B alpha (I-κBα) degradation and decreases the level of IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner^[3].
Theophylline sodium glycinate (0-1000 µM; 30 min) induces histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression^[4].
In Vivo:Theophylline sodium glycinate (100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily, for 9 d) has anti-inflammatory activity in mice and increases IL-6 and IL-10 levels and inhibits TNF-α and NO in male Swiss mice^[1].