4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol

4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (Bisphenol S; Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone), a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260), is widely used in industrial and consumer products. 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol is an oally ative estrogen receptor (ER) agonist and can competitively bind to thyroid hormone receptors (TR) with IC₅₀ values for TRα and TRβ are 2650 μM and 2294 μM respectively, thereby affecting breast development and reducing the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in fetal testes. 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol promotes the progression of glioblastoma by upregulating the EZH2 mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Under chronic exposure, 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol can cause significant lipid deposition and dyslipidemia in the mouse liver by upregulating JunB and Atf3, and has a role in causing obesity at low doses. 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol induces intestinal inflammation by altering the intestinal microbiome. 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in zebrafish embryo larvae^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}. In Vitro:4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0-50 μM) induces thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent GH3 cell proliferation, and inhibits T3 (HY-A0070A) induction in the presence of T3^[3].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (100 μM, 24 h) Significantly increases lipid deposition in AML12 and primary hepatocytes via the JunB/ATF3 axis^[4].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0.001-100 μM, 4-24 h) promotes the proliferation and migration of U-87 MG cells at a concentration of 0.1 µM and appears to be linked to the activation of the EZH2-mediated PI3K/ AKT/mTOR pathway^[6].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0.01-1 μM, 0-24 h) exhibits enhanced formation of foam cells with oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (oxLDL) in macrophages^[7].
In Vivo:4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (2-2000 μg/kg, p.o., starting on pregnancy day 9 through lactation day 2 or 20 ) alters the growth of the mammary epithelium and sensitizes males to additional estrogen exposures encountered at puberty in mice^[1].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0.2-50 μg/kg, p.o., once daily beginning at gestational day 0 and continuing in offspring up to 23-weeks old) can be an obesogen at low doses and after perinatal and chronic exposure for the male mice^[2].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0-10 μM, single dose) induces TH-response gene transcription in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles, but in the presence of T3 altered T3-induced gene transcription in a biphasic concentration-response manner^[3].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 3 months) induces mice to show significant lipid deposition in the liver and dyslipidemia and were predisposed to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)^[4].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 3 months) induces intestinal inflammation via altering gut microbiome in mice^[5].
4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol (0-100 μg/L, for 15-45 days) accelerates the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) using zebrafish embryo-larvae as a model^[7].