Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}. In Vitro:Bisphenol A significantly reduces the viability, increases and decreases levels of intracellular ROS production and antioxidant capacity, respectively, in KGN cells^[1].
Bisphenol A (100 fM-100 μM, 24-72 h) decreases granulosa cell viability and induces apoptosis and G2-to-M arrest of ovarian granulosa cells^[3].
Bisphenol A (0-400 μM, 24 h) suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells HCT116 through mitochondrial and MAPK/AKT pathways^[4].
Bisphenol A (0.5-12.5 μM, 5 days) significantly inhibits RANKL-induced, TRAP-positive multinucleated cell formation in bone marrow-derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cell cultures^[5].
Bisphenol A (0.5-12.5 μM) suppresses ALP activities and bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells^[5].
Bisphenol A (0.06-500 μM, 1 h) induces morphological and biochemical alterations in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells^[6].
Bisphenol A (0.0020-2.0 μM, 24-48 h) decreases viability and induces dysfunction of insulin secretion and apoptosis through the damage of mitochondria in rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells^[7].
In Vivo:Bisphenol A (200 mg/kg/day, s.c., 4 weeks) significantly decreases testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle weights, and the testicular daily sperm production in Jcl:Wistar rats^[8].
Bisphenol A (500-1250 mg/kg/day, gastric intubation, gestational days 6 through 15) induces maternal mortality and fetal toxicity in CD-1 mice^[9].