L-165041

L-165041 is a cell permeable PPARδ agonist, with K_is of 6 nM and appr 730 nM for PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively, and induces adipocyte differentiation in NIH-PPARδ cells. IC50 & Target: Ki: 6 nM (PPARδ), appr 730 nM (PPARγ)^[1] In Vitro: L-165041 is a PPARδ agonist, with K_is of 6 nM and appr 730 nM for PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively^[1]. L-165041 (1 or 5 µM) inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and migration. L-165041 negatively affects cell cycle progression in VEGF-activated human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). L-165041 (10 µM)inhibits PPARδ-independent, VEGF-induced angiogenesis^[2]. PPARδ ligand L-165041 inhibits PDGF-induced rVSMC proliferation and migration. With 1 h of L-165041 pretreatment, PDGF-induced cellular migration is inhibited. L-165041 (10 μM) significantly suppresses S phase transition induced by PDGF^[4]. In Vivo: L-165041 (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) significantly lowers the formation of lipid droplets in mice. L-165041 markedly reduces the level of both the hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides in mice. L-165041 increases mRNA expression levels of PPARδ compared to the vehicle group. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in L-165041-treated mice is significantly higher than that in the vehicle group^[3].