Tricalcium phosphate

Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium-phosphorus compound mainly composed of calcium ions and phosphate (PO₄^3-). Tricalcium phosphate promotes osteogenic differentiation, inhibits adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and serves as a scaffold for spinal fusion implants. Tricalcium phosphate supports reparative dentin formation, mineralized nodule formation, and calcium ion release. Tricalcium phosphate is commonly used in fields such as biomaterials, bone repair, food additives, and pharmaceutical preparations^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Tricalcium phosphate (5 mg/mL; 8-25 days) increase ALP activity, a marker of osteogenic differentiation, in hBMSCs by 1.4-fold after 8 days and 2.2-fold after 25 days^[2].
Tricalcium phosphate (5 mg/mL; 8 days) induce osteogenic gene expression in hBMSCs, increasing Runx2 by 2.3-fold and BMP2 by 4.7-fold after 8 days^[2].
Tricalcium phosphate (10-20%; 4, 7, 10 days) conditioned medium from light-cured composites causes human dental pulp stem cells to exhibit comparable mineralized nodule formation to each other, with lower mineralization than controls under differentiation conditions on day 10^[3]. In Vivo:Tricalcium phosphate (5 mg/mL; added to hBMSC culture media; 8 days; surgically implanted; single administration) scaffold alone supports spinal fusion in immunodeficient rats, achieving 42% fusion with 0.2% bone surface area in fusion mass after 8 weeks^[2].
Tricalcium phosphate (5 mg/mL; added to hBMSC culture media; 8 days; surgically implanted; single administration) scaffold combined with untreated hBMSCs supports spinal fusion in immunodeficient rats, achieving 75% fusion with 0.5% bone surface area in fusion mass after 8 weeks^[2].
Tricalcium phosphate (10%; local application; light-cured for 40 s) resolves pulp inflammation by week 3 and supports moderate to abundant mineralized tissue formation by weeks 3 and 6, respectively, in Wistar rats with exposed dental pulp^[3].