Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a water-soluble inorganic salt commonly used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and sequestrant. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is an antimicrobial agent that can reduce microbial colonization. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate blocks IPP translocation, enhances astaxanthin, phenol, flavonoid, and H₂O₂ levels, activates PAL and DPPH scavenging activity. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can be used for the research of alleviating symptoms post COVID-19^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (1 mM; 2 h) alleviates the oxidative suppression of transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking in pork Longissimus lumborum actomyosin, as indicated by a reduced decline in transglutaminase-induced free amine reduction^[1].
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (1 mM; 2 h) modulates transglutaminase crosslinking patterns in pork Longissimus lumborum actomyosin, promoting crosslinking at the S1 and HMM domains, impeding Rod domain crosslinking, and slowing the oxidative stress-induced shift of primary crosslinking sites from S1 to S2^[1].
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (0.1-0.4 mM; 14-21 days) stimulates astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis cells, while also increasing total phenol content, DPPH scavenging activity, PAL activity, and H₂O₂ content, with no significant effect on SOD or CAT activity and a reduction in protein content^[3]. In Vivo:Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (2000 mg/kg; i.g. or topical; single dose) shows no acute toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats^[4].
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (250-1000 mg/kg; i.g..; five times weekly; 90 days) shows no toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats^[4].