Gibberellic acid

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) is a natural plant growth regulator with oral bioactivity. Gibberellic acid governs multiple plant developmental events, including seed germination, cell elongation, floral organ formation, and rice spikelet fertility. Gibberellic acid optimizes root morphology and secondary metabolite production in Echinacea purpurea hairy roots, and serves as a bioactive seed priming agent to improve chilling stress tolerance in chickpea. Gibberellic acid mediates modulation of enzyme activity and secondary metabolism in plants and exerts tissue-specific regulatory effects on antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation in rats. Gibberellic acid can be used in studies of plant growth, metabolism, and abiotic stress responses^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Gibberellic acid (GA₃) (0.005-1.0 μM; 50 days) maximally enhances biomass, cell viability, secondary metabolite production (cichoric acid, caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, lignin, anthocyanins), PAL activity, and free radical scavenging activity in light-grown Echinacea purpurea hairy root cultures, while 0.005 μM and 1.0 μM reduce these parameters relative to the 0.025 μM group^[2].
Gibberellic acid maintains rice spikelet fertility and anther/pollen development by mediating SLR1 repressor degradation to activate GAMYB and downstream male reproductive genes, while GA deficiency induced by low temperature or GA signaling mutation impairs pollen development and results in male sterility and reduced spikelet fertility in rice^[3].
Gibberellic acid (5-20 μM; continuous low-temperature stress treatment) improves stand establishment, shoot/root growth, relative water content, chlorophyll retention, and flower/branch formation, and reduces electrolyte leakage in both chilling-tolerant Çağatay and chilling-sensitive Akçin chickpea cultivars under low-temperature stress^[4]. In Vivo:Gibberellic acid (75 ppm; p.o.; ad libitum; 25 days) increases lipid peroxidation in spleen and lung tissues, and alters antioxidant enzyme activities in spleen, kidney, lung, and heart tissues in male Sprague-Dawley rats^[1].