Betanin

Betanin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, that could inhibit peroxynitrite (ONOO^-), with an IC₅₀ of 19.2 μM. Betanin is a red glycoside obtained from beets that can be used as colorant. IC50 & Target:IC50: 19.2 μM (ONOO^-)^[1]. In Vitro:Betanin is a representative constituent of red beetroot betacyanins, could inhibit peroxynitrite (ONOO^-), with an IC₅₀ of 19.2 μM^[1]. Betanin also has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative effects, nephroprotective activity, cardioprotective activity, strong, antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity^[2]. Another study is also indicated the protective effect of Betanin against high glucose induced rat renal epithelial cell fibrosis and matrix accumulation, major features of diabetic nephropathy (DN)^[2]. In Vivo:Betanin can inhibit the fructose-induced diabetic cardiac fibrosis and paraquat induced acute kidney toxicity^[2].
The co-administration of Betanin (20 mg/kg b.w.) to diabetic rats prevent significantly the raise of glucose level and also reverse the levels of insulin compared with untreated diabetic rats. Interestingly diabetic rats treated with Betanin (20 mg/kg b.w.) and Glibenclamide (HY-15206) portray the significant changes in the body weight compared to diabetic control. HbA1c levels significantly increases in diabetic rats and when treated with Betanin as well as Glibenclamide. Treatment with Betanin as well as glibenlamide to STZ-NA induces diabetic rat’s elicit significant decreases in those levels when compared with diabetic control rats^[3].