Ciglitazone

Ciglitazone is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist (EC₅₀=3 μM). Ciglitazone inhibits proliferation and differentiation of th17 cells. Ciglitazone is a hypoglycemic agent orally active in the obese-hyperglycemic animal models. Ciglitazone induces apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 MAPK and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in opossum kidney (OK) renal epithelial cells^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Ciglitazone (0-20 μM; 24 hours) induces apoptosis through PPAR-independent mechanism. Ciglitazone causes generation of ROS and an increase in intracellular Ca^2+[4]. In Vivo: In C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice, Ciglitazone (100 mg/kg/day; 2 days) elicits a drastic fall in blood glucose. Regranulation of islet beta-cells and increased pancreatic insulin content are observed in ob/ob mice treated for 41-44 days with 100 mg/kg/day Ciglitazone^[3].