Safrole oxide

Safrole oxide is a p53 modulator that upregulates the expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, linking cell cycle arrest to the apoptotic process. Safrole oxide induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells without triggering necrosis. Safrole oxide can be used in lung cancer-related research^[1]. In Vitro:Safrole oxide (112.36-449.44 μM; 24-48 h) reduces the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, with viability decreasing to 57.78% (24 h, 449.44 μM) and 12.62% (48 h, 449.44 μM) relative to control cells^[1].
Safrole oxide (112.36-449.44 μM; 24 h) induces chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, hallmarks of apoptosis, in A549 human lung cancer cells following 24 hours of treatment at concentrations from 112.36 to 449.44 μM^[1].
Safrole oxide (449.44 μM; 48 h) does not induce necrosis in A549 human lung cancer cells after 48 hours of treatment, as indicated by unchanged LDH release relative to control cells^[1].
Safrole oxide (224.72 μM; 24-48 h) blocks A549 human lung cancer cells completely at G₁ phase and partly at G₂-M phase over 24 to 48 hours of treatment, preventing cell cycle progression and driving cells toward apoptosis^[1].
Safrole oxide (224.72 μM; 24 h) dramatically up-regulates P53 protein expression but does not affect H-Ras protein expression in A549 human lung cancer cells after 24 hours of treatment^[1].