Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (disodium salt)

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K⁺ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.
IC50 & Target:K+ channel^[1], endogenous metabolite^[2]. In Vitro:Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (10 μM, 24 h) prevents Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-induced ferroportin (FPN) internalization with effective cellular iron efflux in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells^[2].
In Vivo:Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (30 mg/kg, i.p., a single dose for 24 h) combined with FeSO4 (2 mg/kg, i.p., a single dose for 24 h) suppresses the iron storage ferritin level, thus preventing Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-induced internalization of FPN with increased iron absorption in normal mice^[2].
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (30 mL/kg, i.p., three times a week for two weeks) can improve turpentine-induced inflammatory anemia in mice^[1].