Ketorolac

Ketorolac (RS37619) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorolac tromethamine is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research^[1][4]. IC50 & Target: IC50: 20 nM (COX-1), 120 nM (COX-2)^[1] In Vitro: Ketorolac (RS37619) salt (0-30 μM; 48 h) effectively kills the oral cancer cells^[4].
Ketorolac salt (0-5 μM; 48 h) inhibits the expression of DDX3 protein, and induces apoptosis in H357 cells^[4].
Ketorolac salt (0-2.5 μM; 0-16 h) inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells^[4].
Ketorolac salt (0-50 μM) directly interacts with DDX3 and inhibits the ATPase activity^[4]. In Vivo: Ketorolac (RS37619) (0.4% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution) shows powerful ocular anti-inflammatory activities in rabbits^[1].
Ketorolac (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.; 2 weeks) has no detrimental effect in the volume fraction of bone trabeculae formed inside the alveolar socket in rats^[2].
Ketorolac (60 μg; intrathecal injection; once) attenuates the damage caused by spinal cord ischemia in rats^[3].
Ketorolac salt (20 and 30 mg/kg; i.p.; two times in a week for 3 weeks) reduces oral carcinogenesis in mice^[4].