Bempedoic acid

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor^[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMPK^[2]. IC50 & Target: AMPK^[1] In Vitro: Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. Bempedoic acid is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase^[1]. In cells treated with Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), increased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation coincide with reduced activity of MAP kinases and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines^[2]. In Vivo: A marked and sustained increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation is found in rat livers following two weeks of treatment with Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002). Bempedoic acid is >100-fold more prevalent than the CoA thioester in rat liver and is associated with AMPK activation^[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) suppresses thioglycollate-induced homing of leukocytes into mouse peritoneal cavity. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, Bempedoic acid restores adipose AMPK activity, reduces JNK phosphorylation, and diminishes expression of macrophage-specific marker 4F/80^[2].