Atractylenolide II

Atractylenolide II (Asterolide) is a sesquiterpenoid compound. Atractylenolide II can induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells. Atractylenolide II is an orally effective anticancer agent that can exert anti-melanoma effects by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, Atractylenolide II has been shown to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotective activity^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Atractylenolide II (50-100 μM; 48 h) can inhibit the proliferation of B16 cells (IC₅₀: 82.3 μM), increase apoptosis and cause G1 phase cell cycle arrest, affect the expression or activity of cell cycle and apoptosation-related proteins, mainly involved in p38 activation and the inactivation of ERK and Akt^[1].
Atractylenolide II (0.1-10 μM; 48 h) has protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP^+[2]. Atractylenolide II (20-40 μM; 48 h) shows anti-melanoma effect in B16 and A375 melanoma cells by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway^[3]. In Vivo:Atractylenolide II (12.5-25 mg/kg; Oral gavage; 14 days) has antitumor effect in a B16 xenograft mouse model^[3].
Atractylenolide II (10-60 mg/kg/d; Intraperitoneal injection; 8 weeks) improves myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats^[4].