Miglitol

Miglitol (BAY-m1099) is an orally active antidiabetic compound that inhibits the breakdown of glycoconjugates into glucose. Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called α-glucosidases. Miglitol inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS over-production in endothelial cells by enhancement of AMP-activated protein kinase. Dietary supplementation with Miglitol from pre-onset stage in OLETF rats delays the onset and development of diabetes and preserves the insulin secretory function of pancreatic islets^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Miglitol (100-500 μM, 24 h) reduces endothelial cell injury in response to H₂O₂, exists cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress by H₂O₂ in bEnd.3 cells^[4].
Miglitol (100-500 μM, 0-15 min) activates AMPK and induces eNOS activity and NO production in endothelial cells^[4].
Miglitol (100-500 μM, 24 h) inhibits VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression and improves endothelial function in rats^[4].
In Vivo:Miglitol (800 ppm, mixed in the diet, daily for 65 weeks) delays the onset and development of diabetes and preserves the insulin secretory function of pancreatic islets in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats^[1].
Miglitol (40 mg, mixed in the diet, daily for 29 days) decreases the body weight level, the postprandial plasma glucose level, the levels of plasma glucose and glycoalbumin, and elevates the level of HDL-C in fatty rats^[2].