Dihydroartemisinin

Dihydroartemisinin is an orally active metabolite of rtemisinin (HY-B0094) and antimalarial agent. Dihydroartemisinin induces Autophagy by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Dihydroartemisinin promotes ROS accumulation. Dihydroartemisinin exhibits anticancer activity in esophageal cancer cells. Dihydroartemisinin shows schistosomicidal activity against juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum, reduces worm burden, and displays antiparasitic activity. Dihydroartemisinin can be used in research related to multiple myeloma, promyelocytic leukemia, esophageal cancer, and Schistosoma japonicum infection^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Dihydroartemisinin (10-40 μM; 24 h) induces functional autophagy, including mitophagy, in human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, with significant effects observed at 10, 20, and 40 μM over 24 h^[1].
Dihydroartemisinin (10-40 μM; 12 h) suppresses NF-κB activity in human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation, preventing RelA/p65 nuclear translocation, and reducing DNA-binding activity, with this inhibition contributing to DHA-induced apoptosis^[1].
Dihydroartemisinin (10-40 μM; 15-24 h) induces autophagy in human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells and human promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells that relies on NF-κB inhibition-mediated reduction of FHC and MnSOD, leading to ROS accumulation that drives autophagic activation^[1].
Dihydroartemisinin (2.5-120 μmol/L; 24 h) reduces the viability of human esophageal cancer Eca109 and Ec9706 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of incubation^[2].
Dihydroartemisinin (80 μmol/L; 24 h) sensitizes human esophageal cancer Eca109 and Ec9706 cells to photodynamic therapy-induced apoptosis, increasing the apoptosis rate to 20.9% in Eca109 cells and 21.8% in Ec9706 cells, which is significantly greater than either single treatment^[2]. In Vivo:Dihydroartemisinin (200-600 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; for 3 consecutive days) reduces the total worm burden of schistosomula in Kunming mice infected with S. japonicum by 69.2%-90.6%^[3].