Spermine

Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro:Spermine (40-100 μg/mL, 5 d) has ID₅₀ of 25 and 35 in H.E.L. cells and H.Ep.2 cells, respectively^[2].
Spermine (10 μg/well, when added up to 29 h after inception of culture) can inhibit the bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056) in BALB/c spleen cells^[3].
Spermine (5-10 μg/well, when added within 22 h after inception of culture) can completely inhibit concanavalin A (HY-P2149) in BALB/c spleen cells^[3].
Spermine (0.5 mM) shows 50% inhibition of peroxidation reaction in brain phospholipid liposomes^[4].
Spermine tetrahydrochloride (10-50 mM) increases the concentration of NO in platelets and inhibits the expression of CD62p concentration-dependently^[5]. In Vivo:Spermine (50-250 nM, intrastriatally) produces severe cell loss and degeneration as well as neuronal damage around the site of injection^[6].