Cloxacillin (sodium monohydrate)

Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate is an orally active antibacterial agent and β-lactamase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.04 µM. Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate can suppress the S. aureus-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of MAPKs, NF-кB and NLRP3-related proteins^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target: IC50: 0.04 µM (β-lactamase from wild type A.caviae), 0.3 µM (β-lactamase from mutant A.caviae)^[3]. In Vitro: Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate (0-2048 µg/mL; 20-24 h) shows good antibacterial activity for S. aureus 8325-4 and DU1090 with MIC values both of 0.125 µg/mL^[1].
Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate (0.015625 μg/mL; 6 h) inhibits the hemolytic activity of Hlα in vitro, and this inhibition is not only more pronounced when combined with TZ and TZ, but also suppresses the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of MAPKs, NF-кB and NLRP3-related proteins^[1]. In Vivo: Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate (1.6125 mg/kg; s.c.; 12-h intervals for 72 h) protects mice from S. aureus peritonitis in vivo when combines with Thioridazine and Tetracycline^[1].
Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate (7.5 mg/per; i.p.; twice daily from day 3 for 3 days) develops less severe synovitis and reduces bone erosions when combines with anti-IL-15 antibodies^[3].