Tosylchloramide sodium trihydrate

Tosylchloramide sodium trihydrate (Chloramine T sodium trihydrate) is a disinfectant agent widely used in laboratories, kitchens and hospitals. It is also used as a biocide in air fresheners and deodorants. In Vitro: Gram-positive growth is reduced by 95% to 100% after tosylchloramide treatment, regardless of dose, with or without serum. E coli (gram-negative; with/without serum) is reduced 94% to 100% at antiseptic concentrations of 300 and 400 ppm. At 200 ppm, E coli growth is fully inhibited without serum present and by 50% with serum. At 100 and 200 ppm, cell viability remains greater than 90% under all experimental conditions. A 300-ppm, 3-minute exposure to tosylchloramide results in cell viability of up to 70%, with longer exposures producing lower viabilities. Serum does not affect cell viability in any condition^[1]. In Vivo: A dose-dependently significant DNA damage in the rat tissues and inflammation is histopathologically noted around the terminal airways of the lung in both male and female rats^[2]. The 24-h exposure to 50 mg/L of chloramine-T is toxic for crayfish and leads to substantial loss of energy that became apparent during subsequently conducted physical stress^[3]. Tosylchloramide may potentiate the toxicity of many xenobiotics via metabolic activation and/or accumulation of reactive metabolites. The activities of CYP2E1, CYP1A1/2 CYP2B1/2, CYP3A4 and CYP4A1/2 enzymes significantly increase after treatment with 2.50, 5 and 10 mg/kg bw/day tosylchloramide, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is not observed after tosylchloramide treatment at dose of 1.25 mg/kg bw/day^[4].