L-Cysteine (hydrochloride hydrate)

L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is an orally active and essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate regulates CBS/H2S pathway, inhibits NF-κB activation and insulin and ghrelin secretion. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate reduces blood sugar, vascular inflammation markers and appetite. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate induces kidney damage. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate can be used in the study of neurological diseases and diabetes^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}. In Vitro:L-Cysteine hydrochloride (5 mM, 5-7 days) hydrate inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB1 synthesis by disrupting cell structure and antioxidant system balance^[2].
L-Cysteine (1-10 μM, 1-5 days) hydrochloride hydrate promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells via the CBS/H2S pathway^[3].
L-Cysteine (3 mM, 1 h) hydrochloride hydrate inhibits insulin release from the pancreatic β-Cell^[4].
In Vivo:L-Cysteine (500-2000 mg/kg/day, p.o., daily, 28 consecutive days) hydrochloride hydrate exhibits renal injuries such as basophilic tubules with eosinophilic material in the lumen in rats^[5].
L-Cysteine (50 mg/kg, i.p., 7 days) hydrochloride hydrate only marginally alleviates lead-induced toxicity in albino mice^[6].
L-Cysteine (1-4 mmol/kg, p.o.) hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents (rats and mice)^[7].
L-Cysteine (1 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 8 weeks) hydrochloride hydrate can lower glycemia and markers of vascular inflammation in diabetes apparently by preventing NF-κB activation in a diabetic rat model^[8].
L-Cysteine (1000 mg/kg, i.v., daily) hydrochloride hydrate suppresses body weight gain, decreases spontaneous activity, salivation, ptosis, tremor in male Sprague-Dawley rats^[9].