Fluvalinate

Fluvalinate is an orally active acaricide classified as a sodium channel inhibitor. Fluvalinate delays sodium channel closure, prolongs cell membrane depolarization, inhibits the excitability of honeybee brain neurons, and exerts a central nervous system inhibitory effect. Fluvalinate negatively affects the learning ability, memory ability, sucrose responsiveness, and survival of honeybees. Fluvalinate potentiates pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, reduces spontaneous activity in mice, and decreases the total white blood cell count and absolute lymphocyte count in mice. Fluvalinate induces acute toxic symptoms in rats, acts as a cholinergic stimulant, and induces the production of hepatic enzymes in rats. Fluvalinate causes the death of Varroa jacobsoni sensitive to τ-Fluvalinate (HY-B2021). Fluvalinate can be used in studies related to mite pest control^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Fluvalinate (0.25-2.5% w/v) produces negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated frog hearts, and complete myocardial block occurs at 2.5% w/v^[1].
Fluvalinate (0.3-3.0 μg per vial; 24 h) has an LC₉₀ of 2.4 μg per vial (95% CI 1.4-8.2 μg), and induces a mortality rate of 80.3% in fluvalinate-sensitive Varroa mites from southern Texas following 24 h of exposure in a glass vial residual bioassay^[4].
Fluvalinate (2.4 μg per tube; 24 h) results in a 73.3% mortality rate of Varroa jacobsoni from other apiaries in Texas (with no significant difference from susceptible mites), a 23.7% mortality rate of mites from Florida, and a 65.1% mortality rate of mites from California; it also induces consistent mortality rates of Varroa mites in 3 hives within the same fluvalinate-susceptible apiary in Texas^[4]. In Vivo:Fluvalinate (7.5-100 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration; once daily for 3 consecutive days) induces a dose-dependent enhancement of pentobarbital-induced hypnosis and central nervous system depression in male Swiss albino mice^[1].
Fluvalinate (15 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily; for 15 consecutive days) induces significant body weight loss, hematological changes, and liver-kidney-spleen toxicity in male Swiss albino mice^[1].
Fluvalinate (0.125-1.25 μg; oral, transdermal; single administration) negatively affects the learning ability, memory ability, sucrose responsiveness, and survival of honey bees in a dose-dependent manner^[2].
Fluvalinate (62.5-500 mg/kg; oral administration; single dose) has an acute oral LD₅₀ value of 293 mg/kg in male Wistar rats and 280 mg/kg in female Wistar rats, and induces dose-dependent toxic signs^[3].
Fluvalinate (17.5-70 mg/kg/day; oral administration; once daily for 15 consecutive days) causes a significant dose-dependent reduction in pentobarbital-induced sleep time in female Wistar rats^[3].
Fluvalinate (17.5-70 mg/kg/day; oral administration; once daily for consecutive 21 days) induces mild transient cholinergic symptoms in female Wistar rats, significantly increases AST and BUN levels as well as the relative weight of the adrenal glands; at doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg/day, it significantly reduces estrogen levels; the dose of 70 mg/kg/day also increases the relative weight of the liver and decreases the relative weight of the spleen^[3].