Hydroxytyrosol acetate

Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Hydroxytyrosol acetate (39-80 μg/mL; up to 24 h) inhibits growth of Vibrio parahemolyticus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 39 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of 78 μg/mL, and 80 μg/mL of the compound almost completely stops bacterial growth during incubation^[1].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (15-250 min) exhibits time-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC₅₀ values of 0.26, 0.22, and 0.14 mol AH/mol DPPH at 15, 60, and 250 min, respectively, showing weaker activity than hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and 3,4-DHPEA-EA but activity comparable to α-tocopherol^[3].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (20 μM; 24 h) enhances ERβ promoter activity in HT22 cells, promoting ERβ transcriptional expression^[4].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (10-20 μM; 24-48 h) enhances ERβ mRNA and protein expression in HT22 cells, with greater effects at higher concentrations or longer incubation times^[4].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (10 μM; 48 h) protects primary rat hippocampal neurons from Aβ_25-35-induced cell death and apoptosis by restoring ERβ expression and inhibiting apoptotic signaling pathways^[4].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (10 μM; 48 h) protects primary rat hippocampal neurons from Aβ_25-35-induced apoptosis in an ERβ-dependent manner, as its neuroprotective effects are eliminated when ERβ is knocked down^[4].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (10 μM; 24 h) alleviates Aβ_25-35-induced synaptic dysfunction in primary rat hippocampal neurons in an in vitro ERβ-dependent manner, as its protective effects on electrophysiological function are eliminated when ERβ is knocked down^[4]. In Vivo:Hydroxytyrosol acetate (1-100 mg/kg per day; p.o.; daily; 7 days) administered orally to rats for 7 days inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation with an ID₅₀ of 16.05 mg/kg per day, via mechanisms including reduced thromboxane B₂ synthesis and increased nitric oxide production^[2].
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (50 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; 12 weeks) improves cognitive function, reduces neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, and restores cerebral ERβ expression in female APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice, without altering Aβ processing^[4].