Isorhynchophylline

Isorhynchophylline is an alkaloid isolated from Crocus sativus with anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Isorhynchophylline can be applied to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, and cancer studies^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]}. In Vitro: Isorhynchophylline (0.0625-40 µM, 48 h) shows cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells and SW480 cells (MTT assay), with IC₅₀s greater than 40 μM^[1].
Isorhynchophylline (3-15 µg/mL, 48 h) inhibits LPS-stimulated NO release in rat cortical microglial cells assessed as nitrite accumulation^[2].
Isorhynchophylline (0.1-10.0 μM, 24 h) effectively inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, at least in part, due to increased NO production and regulation of the cell cycle^[3].
Isorhynchophylline (0-300 μM, 48 h) exerts anticancer and anti-metastatic effects through regulation of multiple signaling cascades (abatement of phospho-p38, etc.) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells ^[4].
Isorhynchophylline (1-50 μM, 2 h) protects PC12 cells against Beta-Amyloid-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway^[5].
Isorhynchophylline (1-80 μM, 24 h) attenuates proliferation and migration of synovial fibroblasts via the FOXC1/β-catenin axis^[6].
Isorhynchophylline (5-200 μM, 48 h) alleviates cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by activating autophagy in chondrocytes^[7].
Isorhynchophylline (30 μM, 24 h) relieves ferroptosis-induced nerve damage after intracerebral hemorrhage via miR-122-5p/TP53/SLC7A11 pathway in hippocampal HT-22 cells^[8].
In Vivo: Isorhynchophylline (20-40 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 8 weeks) ameliorates D-galactose (HY-N0210)-induced learning and memory deficits in mice, at least in part, by enhancing the antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory effects of brain tissue through inhibition of NFκB signaling^[9].
Isorhynchophylline (50 μM, the first day of every week from the 5th to the 8th week after surgery) alleviates osteoarthritis in rat osteoarthritis models, with decreasing OARSI score and the reduction of joint space^[7].
Isorhynchophylline (10-40 mg/kg, i.g., 7 days) exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice at least in part by inhibiting monoamine oxidase^[10].
Isorhynchophylline (20-40 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 8 weeks) alleviates learning and memory impairments induced by aluminum chloride in mice^[11].
Isorhynchophylline (20  mg/kg, i.p., 14 or 42 days) alleviates silicon-dioxide-induced lung injury in mice, with reducing inflammatory responses and fibrosis^[12].