Escin

Escin, a natural compound of triterpenoid saponins that can be isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent^[1]. In Vitro:Escin (1 μM, 0-5 h) stimulates phosphorylation of the GR in CFTL-12 murine mast cells^[1].
Escin (0.1-1 µg/mL, 24 h) protects cells from OGD/R and rt-PA stimulaed cell damage in bEnd.3 cells^[2].
Escin (0-100 μg/mL, 12-48 h) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits tumor cell proliferation in HCT116 and HCT8 cells^[5].
Escin (0-80 μg/mL, 12-24 h) induces DNA damage, and upregulates p-ATM and γH2AX in HCT116 and HCT8 cells^[5].
Escin (0-50 μM, 24 h) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and induces cytochrome C release via generation of ROS, and induces apoptosis of bladder cancer cells (T24 and J82 cells )^[6].
In Vivo:Escin (1-5 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the allergic skin response in Porcine induced by Compound 48/80 (HY-115768)^[1].
Escin (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuates recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) induced hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in mice^[2].
Escin (10 mg/kg, p.o., 4 days) shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects against Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis in mice^[3].
Escin (5-20 mg/kg, p.o., once a day, after 6 weeks of diabetes induction, for next 4 weeks) alleviates peripheral neuropathy in Streptozotocin (HY-13753) induced diabetes in rats^[4].