Thiamine (hydrochloride)

Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.Thiamine hydrochloride activates NrF-2/HO-1 and inhibits TLR4, NF-κB. Thiamine hydrochloride has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Thiamine hydrochloride can be used in the studys of diabetic complications, neurological diseases, cancers, and colitis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}. In Vitro:Thiamine (0.125-2 μg/mL, 24 h) hydrochloride increases cellular PDH activities in breast cancer cells and increases basal, maximum, and ATP production oxygen consumption rate for the MCF7 cells^[2].
Thiamine (10-100 mM, 5 days) hydrochloride reduces proliferation in cancer cell lines SK-N-BE and Panc-1^[3].
Thiamine (200 μM) hydrochloride protects against glucose- and insulin-mediated proliferation of human infragenicular arterial smooth muscle cells^[4].
In Vivo:Thiamine (300 µg/kg, alternate days during the last 14 days of the experiment) hydrochloride ameliorates Scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction via Nrf-2/TLR4 signaling pathway in adult mice^[5].
Thiamine (150-200 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) hydrochloride shows anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects in adjuvant-induced arthritis wistar rats^[6].
Thiamine (20 mg/kg/d, i.p., 5 days) hydrochloride attenuates macroscopic parameters of colons and reduces total colitis index in rats with colitis^[7].