(+)-Magnoflorine (chloride)

(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) chloride is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride promotes Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine chloride upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride also has significant antifungal activity^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}. In Vitro: (+)-Magnoflorine chloride has significant antifungal activities against Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophyte with MIC values of 5 μg/disc, 62.5 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively^[1][2].
(+)-Magnoflorine (5-80 μM, 24 h) chloride inhibit the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of MG-63 and U-2 OS cells^[3].
(+)-Magnoflorine (10-40 μM, 24 h) chloride upregulates miR-410-3p and thereby inhibits the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway^[3].
(+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) chloride significantly reverses the decline in PC12 cell viability caused by Aβ1-42and reduces the apoptosis rate^[4].
(+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) chloride significantly reduces the increase in intracellular ROS levels caused by Aβ1-42, and restores the damaged mitochondrial membrane potential^[4].
(+)-Magnoflorine (0-50 μM, 24 h) chloride inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells by promoting Parkin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy^[7].
In Vivo: (+)-Magnoflorine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for a month) chloride significantly improves the cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice^[4].
(+)-Magnoflorine (10-20 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 15 days) chloride has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats^[5].
(+)-Magnoflorine (10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 10 days) chloride relieves colitis induced by DDS (HY-116282C) in mice and the concurrent anxiety-like behaviors^[6].
(+)-Magnoflorine (5-10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 12 weeks) chloride exhibits renal protective effects in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet^[7].