Amantadine (hydrochloride)

Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) hydrochloride is an orally avtive and potent antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine hydrochloride inhibits several ion channels such as NMDA and M2, and also inhibits Coronavirus ion channels. Amantadine hydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anticancer activity. Amantadine hydrochloride can be used for Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and COVID-19 research^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro:Amantadine hydrochloride (0-500 µM, 26 h) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, with IC₅₀ concentrations between 83 and 119 µM^[4].
Amantadine hydrochloride (0-100 µg/mL, 24-72 h) markedly inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC‑7721 cells^[6].
Amantadine hydrochloride (0-75 µg/mL, 48 h) arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis^[6].
Amantadine hydrochloride (0-75 µg/mL, 48 h) reduces the levels of the cell cycle‑related genes and proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2), reduces Bcl-2 and increases the Bax protein and mRNA levels^[6]. In Vivo:Amantadine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, IP, once daily for 3 days) inhibits surgery induced neuroinflammation and learning and memory impairment^[5].