L-Lysine (hydrochloride)

L-lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health. In Vivo: L-lysine treatment attenuates pancreatic tissue injury induced by L-arginine by inhibiting the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and enhances antioxidant activity. Pre- or post-treatment with L-lysine leads to significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, while significant enhancement is observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione^[1]. L-lysine supplementation almost completely ameliorates vascular calcification. Dietary L-lysine strongly suppresses plasma intact parathyroid hormone in adenine rats and supports a proper bone-vascular axis. The conserved orientation of the femoral apatite in group Lys also evidences the bone-protective effects of L-lysine. Dietary L-lysine elevates plasma alanine, proline, arginine, and homoarginine but not lysine^[2]. The dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying observed in rats is confirmed in humans with an increase in halftime of gastric emptying of 4 min/g L-lysine. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in intestinal fluid accumulation is observed (0.4 mL/min/g L-lysine)^[3].