Esculentoside A

Esculentoside A (EsA), a kind of triterpene saponin isolated from roots of Phytolacca esculenta^[1]. Esculentoside A (EsA) possesses anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic experimental models^[2], has selective inhibitory activity towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)^[1]. Esculentoside A (EsA) suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ΚB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways^[3]. In Vitro: Esculentoside A (0-10 μM; 24 hours) reduced the release of TNF concentration in primed macrophages ^[4]. In Vivo: Esculentoside A (EsA) (intraperitoneal injection; 20 mg/kg; once a day; 4 weeks) plays significant roles in the treatment of BXSB mice through modulation of inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of renal cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis ^[2].
Esculentoside A (EsA) (injected intraperitoneally; 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; once a day; 7 days) dose-dependently decreases the TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 levels in the sera of mice following LPS challenge^[4].