Amodiaquine (dihydrochloride dihydrate)

Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate (Amodiaquin dihydrochloride dihydrate), a 4-aminoquinoline class of antimalarial agent, is a potent and orally active histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate is also a Nurr1 agonist and specifically binds to Nurr1-LBD (ligand binding domain) with an EC₅₀ of ~20 μM. Anti-inflammatory effect^[1][2][3][4]. IC50 & Target: EC50: ~20 μM (Nurr1-LBD (ligand binding domain))^[1]
Histamine N-methyltransferase^[3] In Vitro: Amodiaquine (10-20 μM; 4 hours) treatment suppresses LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α and iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner^[1].
Amodiaquine (5 μM; 24 hours) significantly inhibits neurotoxin (6-OHDA-induced cell death in primary dopamine cells as examined by the number of TH⁺ neurons and dopamine uptake. The neuroprotective effect of Amodiaquine is also observed in rat PC12 cells^[1]. In Vivo: Amodiaquine (40 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily; for 3 days; male ICR mice) treatment diminishes perihematomal activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. Amodiaquine also suppresses ICH-induced mRNA expression of IL-1β, CCL2 and CXCL2, and ameliorated motor dysfunction of mice^[2].