Maltose monohydrate

Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Maltose monohydrate can be used as a peritoneal dialysis osmotic agent. When administered intraperitoneally, it can benefit from the low enzyme activity environment within the peritoneal cavity, resulting in slow absorption and metabolism, thereby preventing a sudden increase in blood sugar^[1].
Maltose monohydrate can be efficiently converted into isomalt oligosaccharides characterized by trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and α-(1→6) bonds under the catalysis of α-glucosidase in X. dendrorhous. These products possess potential prebiotic properties (not degraded by the upper digestive tract and can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the colon)^[2].
Maltose monohydrate is the dominant product of carbon output by chloroplasts during the night, and maltose and glucose together account for 85% of the total carbon metabolites output by chloroplasts^[3].